两分钟了解完美国的政治体制
美国的政治体制简要的说是怎样的？
首先有个名词需要明白的，就是西方说的公民，西方说的公民需要承担国家的义务工作，如纳税、当兵，有选举和被选举成为管理国家的官员的权力。
我所知道的早期的西方国家，包括雅典、古罗马、英国、美国，都是国人里的少数人是公民，是逐渐普及到今天才是绝大部分国人是公民，美国的我在《多数公民制阻碍美国普选的历史》有描述过程。
美国的公民选出选举人和国会议员，选举人选出总统，总统任期四年（有的西方国家虽五年），总统最多连任两次。国会的议员负责立法等，总统领导政府负责行政等，法院决定司法。
在现实当中国会议员的力量最大，其次是法院法官，其次是政府总统，因为议员能罢免总统，决定总统提名的新的最高法官人选是否能通过。定法官的工资（美国的议员是不能降法官的工资，以减少控制力），而总统不能罢免议员，改变最高原则的宪法，法院是在解释法律上做为。理论上议员可以通过撤销掉总统制度和法官制度，美国早期就是只有议员而没有总统。
选举人
美国的选举人一直以来都是多数公民选谁他选谁。美国的选举人是公民选出来的，然后选举人选总统，而选举人是看多数公民选谁他就选谁，类似机器，据我所知还没发生过违反的现象。
选举人制度的设立是一个缓冲，就是在多数公民一时脑袋发热想选某个人时，选举人可以做逆，选择其它候选人。
理论上这种设计如果选举人敢违反，他是做不成下一次选举人的。
由于美国是由几十个州组成，这些州原来是国家，现在某种程度上也相当于国家，美国选举人的产生，是混合了这些州的人数等，比如人数多的州，能出的选举人多些，然后公民投票选出来选举人。为了方便记忆，可以简单理解为公民一人一票决定。
实践
西方政治体制，包括受影响到的南韩和日本也类似这样，所以说西方政治其实是多数公民（决定）制，这个名字应该比读者见过的其它概括都要准确。
中国东汉伟大的哲学家王允说：
事莫明于有效，论莫定于有证。[1]
事莫明于有效，论莫定于有证。[1]
西方这种政治体制的弊端，是人头数多的公民力量过大，少数公民、少数性别、少数民族、精英、收入高的人、外国人等决定权过低，见《力量不平衡考》。
西方以前大量的精英其实不支持多数公民制
画作“雅典学院”中的人物绝大部分是思想家
西方古代几乎所有的著名思想家都是反对多数公民制，见王绍光《民主是什么？我花了十年的时间，写了一本500页的书》约26:55分处。[2]
苏格拉底最著名的学生是柏拉图，柏拉图最著名的学生是亚里士多德，被称为“古希腊三贤”，三人都反对“民主”。
苏格拉底主张专家治国，认为各行各业，乃至国家政权都应该让经过训练，有知识才干的人来管理，而反对包括当时以抽签选举法。他说：
管理者不是那些握有权柄、以势欺人的人，不是那些由民众选举的人。[3]
雅克·路易·大卫所绘 苏格拉底之死
柏拉图写了西方历史上可以说是最早的政治学著作《理想国》，他认为最好的政体是什么？是哲学王，就是那些又聪明、又精英、又负责任的人来当国王，来统治人。虽然现在看来这样过于乐观。
亚里士多德说：
在极端平民政体中，处处高举着平民的旗帜，而那里所行使的政策实际上恰恰违反了平民的真正利益。[6]
亚里士多德认为有六种政体，其中最坏的那一级就是“民主”制。
英国的思想家弥尔顿坚定地反对暴君制，但是提到“民主”制，他说万万不能这么干。
英国政治学、哲学家约翰·洛克发明立法权与行政权的分立，正确的认识到立法权是国家最高权力。他认为所有老百姓的人身、财产权要保护，但是提到“民主”制，他也觉得很恶心。
孟德斯鸠写的《论法的精神》多了司法权被称为“三权分立”，他认为“民主”制腐化就会产生极端平等的精神，导致“多数人的专制”，他强调权力的制约平衡。
法国“启蒙运动”三杰之一的卢梭在《社会契约论》写到：
“民主”制则（只）适宜于小而贫穷的国家。
严格意义而言，真正的“民主”制从来就不曾有过而且永远也不会有。“民主”制需要太多的预设条件和美德实现全民民主非常困难。如果有一种神明的人民他们便可以用“民主”制来治理。但那样一种十全十美的政府是不适于人类的。且永远也不会有。[7]
波兰人曾经委托卢梭设计一套“民主”的宪法，卢梭劝他们还是用世袭君主制，认为“民主”玩不得。[8]
法国名人皮埃尔-约瑟夫·普鲁东也说：
“民主”只不过是多数人暴政罢了，是所有暴政里面最可恶的，因为它不是根基于信仰的权威上、不是根基于种族的出身上、也不是根基于天分和财富的价值上。它只不过是根基于一些假冒人民之名躲藏在幕后的人上。[9]
领导英国打赢希特勒的英国首相丘吉尔也说：
人類嘗試了很多政體形式，而且在這個罪孽和痛苦的世界上會繼續嘗試。沒有人假裝以為“民主”制是完美的或無所不精的。的確，有人已經說過，“民主”制是最壞的政體形式，除了所有其他被嘗試的政體形式之外……[10]
英国诗人和评论家柯尔律治也说：
“民主”是在静脉和动脉中循环的健康血液，肌体的正常功能靠它维持，但它决不应出轨，就像血不能流出脉管一样。[11]
美国历史学家，作家弗朗西斯·帕克曼也说：
我的政治信仰处于“民主”政治和绝对独裁这两个邪恶的极端之间，我憎恨这两者中的任何一个。[12]
美国人建立宪政也是为了防范“民主”，证据是1787年制宪会议的会议记录里，但凡提到“民主”这个词，总是和什么动荡、愚蠢、暴政这些概念连在一起的。
在美国早期政治当中，如果说一个政治家是“民主”派，这跟骂人是差不多的，比如说美国第三任总统杰斐逊，就经常被他的政客指责为是“民主”派。所以美国人设计这一套宪政制度，其实就是为了反制那些民主暴政的力量，比如说总统这个职位到底赋予他多大的权力。[8]
包括现在的西方精英，其实背地里对“民主”也有很大意见。罗振宇说过欧美有一个著名的女精英我忘记她名字了，她也认为大家应该崇尚精英，美国的精英们私下佩服她敢把这种精英的共识公开化，她写了一个小说，里面写精英三天不干活，天下大乱。
西方需要改良的政治制度
中国的前人的说法值得西方学习：
两利相权取其重，两弊相权取其轻。[13]
【前注】
- （）内的数字为符合该资格的人全部加起来与别家的投票占比，如一共有10个雇员1个雇主，雇主1票算10票，雇员1人算1票，此举为避免占人口多数一个阶层的选举人压榨少数另一个阶层的选举人。
- 某专业的国人全部要求该专业毕业，在该专业工作过几年并且获得该专业几年工资。
【正题】
学过良知学的哲学（1）+学过经济学（1）、政治学（1）、心理学（0.5）专业的国人 决定 →国会各人的比例（4分之3或5分之4通过为有效，如果权力过大则再调整）
学过良知学的哲学（1）+学过经济学（1）、政治学（1）、心理学（0.5）专业的国人 决定 →国会各人的比例（4分之3或5分之4通过为有效，如果权力过大则再调整）
这些人目前看是不能参与国会投票的，以免自己利于自己。
统计学专业的国人→统计官（对主要方面给出科学指标帮助总体进步）
雇员（1）、雇主（1）和学过良知学的哲学（1）、学过经济学（1）、政治学（1）和心理学（0.5）专业的国人→议员（可被绕开）（立法权）、国务员（行政权）
【后注】
- 这个指国会，非以上条件的国人算雇员。
- 非公务员的国人就算是以上所提及的专业，也被算为雇员和雇主，如学心理学的雇员拥有两边的票数。
法律学专业的国人→法官（司法权）
议员（2）、历史学专业的国人（1）→国防委员官（国防自卫权，对外发动战争要加该有资格的外国人达到1：1）
有一个平台日常辩论和投票积累建立正确和去除错误的政治观点，供指导。辩论的中立主持委员会由学过辩论学语文专业的国人选出。
为了避免出现“党”，选举时只能看见（有）具体一个个的观点，看不见被选举人，选举人选择赞成的观点，被赞成的观点最多的人当选，被选举人的政见只能通过网络上这个选举平台上发表。
如果实行后还会民族主义，再类似于联合国那样复合外国人。
3.当要新定一个1比1和（国会）各方的新比例时，最后需要法院通过。
如何让被选择人更少
让被选择的人更少，是为了更加精英化。
设定这些指标去减少人数，一定要常常观察设得合不合理，避免把特殊人才筛选出去了，如上面说的“学历”里的对记忆力的要求。
如有需要，可以利用以下指标增加精英的投票数，比如基本的1票经过加成，乘以1.5=1.5票：
读书时间
读书的人未必有文化，但是不读书的人很容易没文化，要求读书时间，比如读书时有个监控或在图书馆，或者读到一段有个问题，问所看的内容的问题的，比如看的是秦始皇统一六国，问统一的哪六国。答对了才能继续看下去。
不抽烟、不酗酒
不能戒烟，不能戒酒，某个程度代表着自控力不合格，等戒掉了才能产于选择人，平时有没有抽烟是可以通过验血检测尼古丁（俗称“烟碱”）含量检测出来的。
无名
有些人好名，永久去掉参与者的名字，数字之类代替，能阻挡住一部分好名的人。
学历
在学校自己研发试卷的情况下可以用这个因素。如果有例外，可以让有学历的去选低学历的上来。
学校考试有个要注意的点对记忆力的要求勿过高，像我就是某方面记忆力实在不行，所以不适合现代中国的考试。
出版收录
被比较高质量的出版社出版过文章（不是用来批评这篇文章）的人，外国的出版社我不了解，中国的有中华书局、商务出版社等。
作品被收引用数
作品被引用得多，往往代表其价值高，热度高。
精英政治没有天然的伪劣性，西方多数公民制有约两千四百多年历史，只要是国人中的少数人能成为公民的，都可以看看这个国家是不是在要求精英政治，精英政治的问题是如何避免“精英”会为了自己的利益或者因为愚昧，压迫和压榨“非精英”。
邓小平：发展才是硬道理
来源及释义：
- 王充《论衡》，艺术中国网，1947年/第378页。 ↩
- 王绍光《民主是什么？我花了十年的时间，写了一本500页的书》，观察者网，B站，2019年3月28日。 ↩
- 杨宏峰《何谓政治学》，中央编译局，2015年7月16日。 ↩
- 我找到答原始材料是柏拉图《对话录》/苏格拉底的申辩/哲学作为政治 中，面对陪审团的申辩：
而你们要清楚地知道，雅典的人们，如果我很早以前就试图参与政事，我早就死了，那么我对你们和我自己都会毫无益处。不要因为我说出真话而对我动怒。凡是坦诚地反对你们或别的大众，阻止在城邦里发生很多不义或犯法的事的人，都活不了，而其实，谁若一定要为正义而战，并且想多活一段，他必须私下干，而不是参与政事。 ↩ - 柏拉图《对话录》/斐多篇。 ↩
- 亚里士多德《政治学》 ↩
- 卢梭《社会契约论》。 ↩
- Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. Demokratie und Republik, S. 10. ↩
- 《大事件》/第48期：圍攻□信號四起，大事件雜誌社，2015年8月29日，ISBN 9781681822655。1947年丘吉雨在英國議會下院發言，原文：
Many forms of Government have been tried， and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed it has been said that democ-racy is the worst form of Government except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time...
据说是这句话的原文：
“民主”并不是什么好东西，但它是我们迄今为止所能找到的最好的一种制度。 ↩ - 柯尔律治《席间闲谈》 ↩
- 弗朗西斯·帕克曼《旧制度在加拿大》 ↩
- 章太炎《答某书》。
约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒，译 严复《群己权界论》/首篇。 ↩
---
(translation)
Better political system than China and the West
(At the end of this article, I wrote the most valuable text-a better political system than China and the West)
Two minutes to understand the American political system
What does the American political system say briefly?
First of all, there is a term that needs to be understood, that is, citizens in the West, citizens in the West need to undertake the country ’s voluntary work, such as paying taxes and serving as soldiers, and have the power to elect and be elected as officials to manage the country.
The early Western countries I know, including Athens, Ancient Rome, Britain, and the United States, are a minority of the nationals who are citizens, and it is gradually popularized to this day that the vast majority of the nationals are citizens. The history of citizenship hindering universal suffrage in the United States] (https://www.jianshu.com/p/4e3780432882) "has a description process.
Citizens of the United States elect electors and members of Congress, and electors elect the president. The term of office of the president is four years (although some Western countries have five years), and the president is reappointed at most twice. Members of the Congress are responsible for legislation, etc., the President leads the government for administration, etc., and the court decides justice.
In reality, members of Congress have the greatest power, followed by court judges, and then by the president of the government, because they can remove the president and decide whether the new highest judge nominated by the president can be passed. The salary of judges is fixed (US legislators cannot reduce the salary of judges in order to reduce control), while the president cannot remove parliamentarians and change the constitution of the highest principle. The courts interpret the law. In theory, lawmakers can abolish the presidential system and the judge system. In the early days of the United States, there were only lawmakers and no president.
Elector
Electors in the United States have always been who most citizens choose. The electors in the United States are elected by citizens, and then the president is elected, and the electors look at the majority of citizens who choose him, who is similar to a machine. As far as I know, no violation has occurred.
The establishment of the electoral system is a buffer, that is, when most citizens have a hot head and want to choose someone, the elector can do the reverse and choose other candidates.
In theory, if the elector dared to violate this design, he would not be the next elector.
Since the United States is composed of dozens of states, these states were originally states, and now they are also equivalent to states to some extent. The election of the United States is a mixture of the number of these states. For example, a large number of states can be out. There are more electors, and then the electors are elected by referendum. In order to facilitate memory, it can be simply understood as the decision of citizens one vote per person.
practice
The Western political system, including affected South Korea and Japan, is similar, so it is said that Western politics is actually a majority citizen (decision) system, and the name should be more accurate than other generalizations that readers have seen.
Wang Yun, the great philosopher of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, said:
It is not effective to know things, but to be proved with evidence. [^ 4]
It is not effective to know things, but to be proved with evidence. [^ 4]
The disadvantage of this kind of political system in the West is that citizens with a large number of people have too much power, and minority citizens, minority genders, ethnic minorities, elites, high-income people, and foreigners have too little decision-making power. See "[Unbalanced Power Test] (https://www.jianshu.com/p/2ea7116e5452) ".
The large number of elites in the West did not actually support the majority citizenship
! [Most of the characters in the painting "Athens Academy" are thinkers] (http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13794203-8a07002451763926.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w / 1080 / q / 50)
Almost all famous thinkers in ancient Western countries opposed the majority citizenship. See Wang Shaoguang's "What Is Democracy?" I spent ten years writing a 500-page book] (http://www.bilibili.com/video/av47569732?share_medium=android&share_source=weibo&bbid=05A3A022-6CD6-4863-A15F-9CA1913516F523674infoc&ts=1554357313131) "At about 26:55. [^ 5]
Almost all famous thinkers in ancient Western countries opposed the majority citizenship. See Wang Shaoguang's "What Is Democracy?" I spent ten years writing a 500-page book] (http://www.bilibili.com/video/av47569732?share_medium=android&share_source=weibo&bbid=05A3A022-6CD6-4863-A15F-9CA1913516F523674infoc&ts=1554357313131) "At about 26:55. [^ 5]
The most famous student of Socrates is Plato, and the most famous student of Plato is Aristotle, known as the "three sages of ancient Greece", and all three are opposed to "democracy".
Socrates advocated that the experts govern the country, that all walks of life, and even the national regime should be managed by people with training and knowledge, and opposed to including the election law by lot. He says:
Managers are not those who have the authority to bully others, not those elected by the people. [^ 12]
Socrates was executed for opposition to "democracy" [^ 8]. [^ 10]
! [Death of Socrates painted by Jacques Louis David] (http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13794203-c2fa84a585752d32.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w / 1080 / q / 50)
! [Death of Socrates painted by Jacques Louis David] (http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13794203-c2fa84a585752d32.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w / 1080 / q / 50)
Plato wrote what is arguably the earliest political work "Ideal Country" in Western history. What do he think is the best political system? It is the king of philosophy, that is, those who are smart, elite, and responsible come to be kings and rule people. Although it seems too optimistic now.
Aristotle said:
In extreme civilian regimes, the flag of civilians is held high everywhere, and the policies implemented there actually violate the real interests of civilians. [^ 26]
Aristotle believes that there are six types of government, and the worst level is "democracy".
The British thinker Milton firmly opposed the tyrant system, but referring to the "democracy" system, he said that it must not be done.
British political science and philosopher John Locke invented the separation of legislative power and executive power, and correctly recognized that the legislative power is the highest power in the country. He believes that the personal and property rights of all ordinary people should be protected, but when it comes to the "democracy" system, he also feels sick.
Montesquieu's "Spirit of Law" has more judicial power and is called "separation of three powers". He believes that the corruption of "democracy" will produce a spirit of extreme equality, leading to "autocratic majority". He emphasized The balance of power constraints.
Rousseau, one of the three masters of the French "Enlightenment" wrote in "The Social Contract Theory":
The “democracy” system is (only) suitable for small and poor countries.
Strictly speaking, true "democracy" has never existed and never will. The "democracy" system requires too many preconditions and the virtue is very difficult to achieve democracy for all.If there is a kind of godly people, they can use the "democracy" system to govern. But such a perfect government is not suitable for humans. And there will never be. [^ 7]
The Poles once commissioned Rousseau to design a "democratic" constitution. Rousseau advised them to still use hereditary monarchy, believing that "democracy" could not be played. [^ 6]
French celebrity Pierre-Joseph Proudhon also said:
"Democracy" is nothing more than a tyranny of most people, it is the most abominable of all tyranny, because it is not based on the authority of faith, not based on the origin of race, nor on the value of talent and wealth. It is simply hiding behind the scenes based on some fake people. [^ 9]
The British Prime Minister Churchill, who led Britain to win Hitler, also said:
Mankind has tried many forms of government, and will continue to try in this world of sin and suffering. No one pretends that "democracy" is perfect or omnipresent. Indeed, someone has said that "democracy" is the worst form of government, except for all other tried forms of government ... [^ 28]
British poet and critic Coleridge also said:
"Democracy" is healthy blood circulating in veins and arteries. The normal function of the body is maintained by it, but it should never be derailed, just as blood cannot flow out of the vasculature. [^ 23]
American historian and author Francis Parkman also said:
My political beliefs are between the two evil extremes of "democratic" politics and absolute dictatorship, and I hate either. [^ 27]
The Americans established constitutional government also to prevent "democracy". The evidence is in the minutes of the 1787 Constitutional Conference. Whenever the word "democracy" is mentioned, it is always associated with the concepts of turmoil, stupidity, and tyranny.
In early American politics, if a politician was a "democratic" faction, it was similar to cursing people. For example, Jefferson, the third US president, was often accused by his politicians of being a "democracy" faction. Therefore, the Americans designed this constitutional system in order to counter the forces of democratic tyranny, such as the power given to him by the presidency. [^ 6]
Including the current Western elites, in fact, they also have great opinions on "democracy". Luo Zhenyu said that there is a famous female elite in Europe and America. I forgot her name. She also believes that everyone should admire the elite. The American elites admire her privately and dare to open up the consensus of this elite. She wrote a novel, which wrote elite. Three days without work, the world is in chaos.
The West needs an improved political system
The predecessors of China are worth learning from the West:
Two benefits are more important than others. [^ 3]
【Previous note】
- The numbers in () are the proportion of the total number of people who meet the qualifications combined with other people's votes. For example, if there are 10 employees and 1 employer, the employer counts 1 vote and the employee counts 1 vote. This is to avoid The electors in one class, which constitutes the majority of the population, squeeze the electors in the other class.
- All the nationals of a major require that they graduate from the major, have worked in the major for a few years and received several years of salary in the major.
【Problem】
I have studied philosophy of conscience (1) + studied economics (1), political science (1), and psychology (0.5). The national decision → the proportion of each person in Congress (3 out of 4 or 4 out of 5) To be effective, adjust if the power is too large)
I have studied philosophy of conscience (1) + studied economics (1), political science (1), and psychology (0.5). The national decision → the proportion of each person in Congress (3 out of 4 or 4 out of 5) To be effective, adjust if the power is too large)
These people currently cannot participate in the parliamentary vote, lest they benefit themselves.
Chinese in statistics → statistician (giving scientific indicators to the main aspects to help overall progress)
Employee (1), Employer (1) and Philosophy (1), Economics (1), Political Science (1), and Psychology (0.5) who have studied conscience (→) (Legislative power), State clerk (executive power)
【Post note】
- This refers to the National People's Republic of China. People who are not above conditions count as employees.
- People who are not civil servants are counted as employees and employers even if they are majors mentioned above. Employees who study psychology have votes on both sides.
Chinese in Law Major → Judge (Judicial Power)
Members of Parliament (2), nationals majoring in history (1) → National Defense Commissioner (the right to self-defense in national defense, to launch a war abroad, the qualified foreigners must be added to reach 1: 1)
There is a platform for daily debate and vote accumulation to establish correct and remove wrong political views for guidance. The neutral chairperson of the debate committee is selected by the Chinese who have studied the major of debate and language.
In order to avoid the emergence of a "party", you can only see (have) specific points of view during the election, and you can't see the elected person. The elector chooses the point of view in favor. The person with the most approved views is elected. Published on this election platform on the Internet.
If it will continue to be nationalistic after implementation, it will be similar to the United Nations in compounding foreigners.
- When a new ratio of 1 to 1 and (Congress) parties is to be set, the court will need to pass it.
How to make fewer people selected
To make fewer people selected is to be more elitist.
To set these indicators to reduce the number of people, we must always observe the unreasonable setting, and avoid screening out special talents, such as the memory requirements in the "education" mentioned above.
If necessary, you can use the following indicators to increase the number of elite votes. For example, the basic 1 vote is multiplied by 1.5 = 1.5 votes:
Reading time
People who read books may not be literate, but people who do not read books are easily uneducated and require reading time, such as having a monitor or in the library while reading, or reading a paragraph with a question, asking the content of the question, such as It was Qin Shihuang who unified the six nations, and asked which six nations he unified. Only after you get it right can you continue reading.
No smoking, no alcoholism
Can not quit smoking, can not quit alcohol, a certain degree means that the self-control ability is unqualified, and can only be produced by the selected person after quitting. Whether or not smoking is usually detected by blood test for nicotine (commonly known as "nicotine").
nameless
Some people have good names, permanently remove the names of participants, and replace them with numbers, etc., which can block some of them.
Education
This factor can be used when the school develops its own test paper. If there are exceptions, you can let those with academic qualifications choose the ones with lower academic qualifications.
There is a point to pay attention to in school exams. The requirements for memory should not be too high. Like me, memory is not good in some aspects, so it is not suitable for modern China exams.
Publishing
People who have published articles (not used to criticize this article) by relatively high-quality publishing houses, I do not understand foreign publishing houses, China has China Bookstore, Business Press, etc.
Works received citations
The works are cited too often, which often represents their high value and high popularity.
There is no natural pseudo-inferiority in elite politics. Most western citizen systems have a history of more than 2,400 years. As long as a few of the nationals can become citizens, you can see if this country is asking for elite politics. The question is how to avoid "elites" oppressing and squeezing "non-elites" for their own benefit or because of ignorance.
! [Deng Xiaoping: Development is the last word] (http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/13794203-087ae8d73ba63a58.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1080/q/50 )
Source and interpretation:
[^ 1]: Gao Xiaosong, "[Trump's elite class of president-elect is a social cancer?" ] (http://m.iqiyi.com/v_19rqw54vac.html?key=59e36a5e70e4c4efc6fcbc4db7ea59c1&msrc=3_31_56&aid=1886133000&tvid=1886133000&cid=31&identifier=weixinv1&ftype=27&subtype=1&vip_=1=vip_=&&
[^ 2]: Gao Xiaosong, "[Reflections on US Elections] (http://m.iqiyi.com/v_19rqw54vac.html?key=59e36a5e70e4c4efc6fcbc4db7ea59c1&msrc=3_31_56&aid=1886133000&tvid=1886133000&cid=31&typef=v&v=19&identifier=weixinv = 2_22_700 & social_platform = weibo), Xiao Song Qi Tan / November 11, 2016.
[^ 3]: Zhang Taiyan's "Answer".
John Stuart Mueller, translated Yan Fu's "On the Right of the Group" / first chapter.
[^ 4]: Wang Chong's "On Heng", Art China, 1947 / p. 378.
[^ 5]: Wang Shaoguang "[What is democracy? I spent ten years writing a 500-page book] (http://www.bilibili.com/video/av47569732?share_medium=android&share_source=weibo&bbid=05A3A022-6CD6-4863-A15F-9CA1913516F523674infoc&ts=1554357313131) ", Observer Network, Station B, March 28, 2019.
[^ 6]: Luo Zhenyu's "[Democratic Childhood] (https://m.youku.com/video/id_XMTM2MDM5NzA1Ng==.html?source=)", Luo Jiwei thinking / Issue 143 / Last part, 44:00, etc. . [Text Draft] (https://m.igetget.com/share/course/article/alias_id/n9IQw3H1La0CQyTVuiyt).
[^ 7]: Rousseau's "Social Contract Theory".
[^ 8]: I found that the original material was Plato ’s Dialogue / Socrates ’Defence / Philosophy as Politics, facing the jury ’s defense:
And you need to know clearly that the people of Athens, if I tried to participate in politics a long time ago, and I died long ago, then I would be of no benefit to you and myself. Don't be angry with me because I tell the truth. Anyone who frankly opposes you or other people and prevents many unjust or illegal things from happening in the city-state cannot live, but in fact, if anyone must fight for justice and want to live a longer life, he must be private Do not participate in politics.
[^ 9]: Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. Demokratie and Republik, S. 10.
[^ 10]: Plato's "Dialogue" / Phaedo.
[^ 12]: Yang Hongfeng "What is Political Science", Central Compilation Bureau, July 16, 2015.
[^ 23]: Coleridge's "Interview"
[^ 26]: Aristotle's "Politics"
[^ 27]: Francis Parkman, "The Old System in Canada"
[^ 28]: "Big Event" / Issue 48: Siege □ Signals Four, Big Event Magazine, August 29, 2015, ISBN 9781681822655. In 1947, Qiuyu Yu delivered a speech to the House of Commons of the British Parliament. Original:
Many forms of government have been tried, and will will be tried in this world of of sin in and woe. No Noone pretends that democracy is perfect effect or all-wise.Indeed of ithasbeen thesaidGovern of Governance those other forms that have been tried from time to time ...
It is said to be the original text of this sentence:
"Democracy" is not a good thing, but it is the best system we can find so far.
[^ 1]: Gao Xiaosong, "[Trump's elite class of president-elect is a social cancer?" ] (http://m.iqiyi.com/v_19rqw54vac.html?key=59e36a5e70e4c4efc6fcbc4db7ea59c1&msrc=3_31_56&aid=1886133000&tvid=1886133000&cid=31&identifier=weixinv1&ftype=27&subtype=1&vip_=1=vip_=&&
[^ 2]: Gao Xiaosong, "[Reflections on US Elections] (http://m.iqiyi.com/v_19rqw54vac.html?key=59e36a5e70e4c4efc6fcbc4db7ea59c1&msrc=3_31_56&aid=1886133000&tvid=1886133000&cid=31&typef=v&v=19&identifier=weixinv = 2_22_700 & social_platform = weibo), Xiao Song Qi Tan / November 11, 2016.
[^ 3]: Zhang Taiyan's "Answer".
John Stuart Mueller, translated Yan Fu's "On the Right of the Group" / first chapter.
[^ 4]: Wang Chong's "On Heng", Art China, 1947 / p. 378.
[^ 5]: Wang Shaoguang "[What is democracy? I spent ten years writing a 500-page book] (http://www.bilibili.com/video/av47569732?share_medium=android&share_source=weibo&bbid=05A3A022-6CD6-4863-A15F-9CA1913516F523674infoc&ts=1554357313131) ", Observer Network, Station B, March 28, 2019.
[^ 6]: Luo Zhenyu's "[Democratic Childhood] (https://m.youku.com/video/id_XMTM2MDM5NzA1Ng==.html?source=)", Luo Jiwei thinking / Issue 143 / Last part, 44:00, etc. . [Text Draft] (https://m.igetget.com/share/course/article/alias_id/n9IQw3H1La0CQyTVuiyt).
[^ 7]: Rousseau's "Social Contract Theory".
[^ 8]: I found that the original material was Plato ’s Dialogue / Socrates ’Defence / Philosophy as Politics, facing the jury ’s defense:
And you need to know clearly that the people of Athens, if I tried to participate in politics a long time ago, and I died long ago, then I would be of no benefit to you and myself. Don't be angry with me because I tell the truth. Anyone who frankly opposes you or other people and prevents many unjust or illegal things from happening in the city-state cannot live, but in fact, if anyone must fight for justice and want to live a longer life, he must be private Do not participate in politics.
[^ 9]: Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. Demokratie and Republik, S. 10.
[^ 10]: Plato's "Dialogue" / Phaedo.
[^ 12]: Yang Hongfeng "What is Political Science", Central Compilation Bureau, July 16, 2015.
[^ 23]: Coleridge's "Interview"
[^ 26]: Aristotle's "Politics"
[^ 27]: Francis Parkman, "The Old System in Canada"
[^ 28]: "Big Event" / Issue 48: Siege □ Signals Four, Big Event Magazine, August 29, 2015, ISBN 9781681822655. In 1947, Qiuyu Yu delivered a speech to the House of Commons of the British Parliament. Original:
Many forms of government have been tried, and will will be tried in this world of of sin in and woe. No Noone pretends that democracy is perfect effect or all-wise.Indeed of ithasbeen thesaidGovern of Governance those other forms that have been tried from time to time ...
It is said to be the original text of this sentence:
"Democracy" is not a good thing, but it is the best system we can find so far.
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