道德只能用来要求自己，不能要求别人吗？

（这篇文章是说道德能用来要求别人，只要是通过大家授权的）


有的人说道德只能用来要求自己，不能要求别人，法律属于立法者要求别人（大家）的，法律里面怎么就没有道德呢？

美国宪法序言全文就是：“我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防，增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。”

中华人民共和国宪法的序言和正文写着：“……要反对大民族主义，主要是大汉族主义，也要反对地方民族主义”“加强同世界各国人民的团结，支持被压迫民族和发展中国家争取和维护民族独立、发展民族经济的正义斗争，为维护世界和平和促进人类进步事业而努力。”“国家保障自然资源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。”“国家厉行节约，反对浪费。”

瑞士宪法：“联邦公民在法律面前一律平等。在瑞士没有地位、出生、身份或家庭的特权和臣属关系。”“男人和妇女权利平等。法律规定，特别是在家庭、教育和劳动方面，实行男女平等。男女有权同工同酬。”“联邦可采取措施设立充分的老年、死亡和残废救济基金。该项基金来源于联邦保险费、职业保险费和个人保险费。”“可对自然人的收入以及法人的纯利润、资本和储备金征收联邦直接税。不论法人以何种法律形式出现，均应根据其经济能力征税，并尽可能实现平等”

丹麦宪法第五十六条：“议会议员只服从自己的良知，不受其选民的任何指令的结束。”

法国宪法序言和正文：“本共和国对于愿意与共和国结合之海外领地，提供基于自由、平等、博爱之共同理想”“第一条 ……此一国协是建立在全体人民的平等与团结之上。”“共和国之信条为「自由、平等、博爱」。”

印度宪法序言：“在社会、经济与政治方面享有公正……在地位与机会方面的平等……在人民中间提倡友爱以维护个人尊严”

非宪法的法律方面，也有道德宪想法的体现，如多数国家禁止或限制嫖娼、赌博和毒品。对如果有的色情业、赌博博彩业和奢侈品收以重税。对富人收的税比穷人高得多。还有遗失拾遗的法律。有一些国家还有禁止虐待动物的法律。新加坡也有对乱丢垃圾进行重罚的法律。

“德国刑法规定，见死不救者可判处一年监禁或课以罚款。例如发生交通事故，路人都应当保护现场，防止再度发生事故，都应该呼叫救护服务，并且尽可能抢救伤者。

《法国刑法典》规定，任何人对处于危险中的他人，能够个人采取行动，或者能唤起救助行动，且对其本人或第三人均无危险，而故意放弃救助的，处5年监禁并扣50万法郎罚金。

美国明尼苏达州将“见危不救罪”列入刑法典，如果当事人在现场而不给予合理的救助，以犯罪论处。还有一些州规定，发现陌生人受伤时，如果不打“911”电话，可能构成疏忽罪。

塞尔维亚法律规定，见死不救者(例如交通事故中)可处一年徒刑。如果受伤者因路人见死不救而死亡，相关的人会被判处8年徒刑。”（正义网微信公众号《【了解国外法律】看国外法律如何对待“见死不救”？》https://m.sohu.com/a/151526240_649550 ）

在日本醉酒驾驶，提供酒、提供车、以及同车者也会被追究刑事责任，即使自己没喝，只要上了车，同样会被判刑。（日本通《在日本，醉驾肇事逃逸，会有怎样严重的后果》https://www.517japan.com/viewnews-87772.html）

俄罗斯宪法：“缅怀（那些）将对祖国的热爱与尊重、对善良与正义的信念传递给我们的先辈”“力保证俄罗斯的繁荣和昌盛， 基于为自己的祖国而对当代和后代所承担的责任”“保证国家对家庭、母亲、父亲、儿童、残废人和老年公民的支持，发展社会服务系统，规定国家退休金、补助金和社会保护的其他保障措施。”

德国（最高的）基本法：“我德意志人民，认识到对上帝与人类所负之责任，愿以联合欧洲中一平等分子之地位贡献世界和平”“德意志人民承认不可侵犯与不可让与之人权， 为一切人类社会以及世界和平与正义之基础。”“人人有自由发展其人格之权利，但以不侵害他人之权利或不违犯宪政秩序或道德规范者为限”“任何人不得因性别、出身、种族、语言、籍贯、血统、信仰、宗教或政治见解而受歧视或享特权。任何人不得因其残障而受歧视。”“任何人不得被迫违背其良心，武装服事战争勤务”

日本宪法序言：“日本国民期望永久和平，深怀支配人类关系的崇高理想，信赖爱好和平的各国人民的公正与信义……我们希望在努力维护和平，从地球上永远消除专制与隶属、压迫与偏狭的国际社会中，占有光荣地位。”“同等享有在和平中生存并免除恐怖与贫乏的权利。”“任何国家都不应只顾本国而不顾他国，政治道德的法则，是普遍的法则”“日本国民誓为国家名誉竭尽全力以实现这一崇高理想和目的”

俄罗斯宪法：“缅怀（那些）将对祖国的热爱与尊重、对善良与正义的信念传递给我们的先辈”“力保证俄罗斯的繁荣和昌盛， 基于为自己的祖国而对当代和后代所承担的责任”“保证国家对家庭、母亲、父亲、儿童、残废人和老年公民的支持，发展社会服务系统，规定国家退休金、补助金和社会保护的其他保障措施。”

德国（最高的）基本法：“我德意志人民，认识到对上帝与人类所负之责任，愿以联合欧洲中一平等分子之地位贡献世界和平”“德意志人民承认不可侵犯与不可让与之人权， 为一切人类社会以及世界和平与正义之基础。”“人人有自由发展其人格之权利，但以不侵害他人之权利或不违犯宪政秩序或道德规范者为限”“任何人不得因性别、出身、种族、语言、籍贯、血统、信仰、宗教或政治见解而受歧视或享特权。任何人不得因其残障而受歧视。”“任何人不得被迫违背其良心，武装服事战争勤务”

日本宪法序言：“日本国民期望永久和平，深怀支配人类关系的崇高理想，信赖爱好和平的各国人民的公正与信义……我们希望在努力维护和平，从地球上永远消除专制与隶属、压迫与偏狭的国际社会中，占有光荣地位。”“同等享有在和平中生存并免除恐怖与贫乏的权利。”“任何国家都不应只顾本国而不顾他国，政治道德的法则，是普遍的法则”“日本国民誓为国家名誉竭尽全力以实现这一崇高理想和目的”

在政治概念里公民、自由民和奴隶都要承担义务，现实的法律也规定公民要承担义务，义务是“指政治上、法律上、道义上应尽的责任。（《汉语大词典》）”。

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(translation)

Morality can only be used to demand oneself, not others?

(This article says that morality can be used to ask others, as long as it is authorized by everyone)

Some people say that morality can only be used to ask for oneself, not others, and the law belongs to the legislator who asks others (everyone). Why is there no morality in the law?

The full text of the preamble to the US Constitution reads: "In order to organize a better federation, we, the people of the United States of America, establish justice, guarantee domestic peace, establish a common national defense, promote the well-being of all people and ensure that we and our future generations can enjoy freedom Happiness is the constitution and establishment of this Constitution for the United States of America. "

The preamble and main text of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China read: "... We must oppose great nationalism, mainly Han nationalism, and we must also oppose local nationalism." The just struggle for and independence of the nation and the development of the national economy, and work for the maintenance of world peace and the promotion of human progress. "" The state guarantees the rational use of natural resources and protects precious animals and plants. It is forbidden for any organization or individual to use any means. Encroach on or destroy natural resources. "" The state practises economy and opposes waste. "

Swiss Constitution: "Federal citizens are equal before the law. There is no status, birth, status, or family privileges and vassals in Switzerland." "Equal rights for men and women. The law provides for, in particular, family, education and labor, Gender equality is enforced. Men and women have the right to equal pay for equal work. "" The Commonwealth can take steps to establish adequate old age, death, and disability relief funds. This fund is derived from federal insurance premiums, occupational insurance premiums, and personal insurance premiums. " As well as legal persons ’net profits, capital and reserves are subject to a federal direct tax. Regardless of the legal form in which the legal person appears, it shall be taxed according to its economic capacity and as far as possible to achieve equality”

Article 56 of the Danish Constitution: "Members of Parliament only obey their own conscience and do not end with any order from their constituents."

Preamble and text of the French Constitution: "This Republic provides the common ideals based on freedom, equality, and fraternity for overseas territories that are willing to be combined with the Republic" "Article 1 ... This National Association is based on the equality and solidarity of all people "" The creed of the Republic is "freedom, equality, fraternity." "

Preamble to the Indian Constitution: "Enjoy justice in social, economic and political terms ... equality in status and opportunity ... advocate friendship among the people to safeguard personal dignity"

Non-constitutional legal aspects are also reflected in moral constitutional ideas, such as the prohibition or restriction of rampant, gambling and drugs in most countries. Heavy taxes are imposed on pornography, gambling, and luxury goods, if any. The tax is much higher on the rich than on the poor. There are also missing laws. Some countries also have laws against animal cruelty. Singapore also has heavy penalties for littering.

"German criminal law stipulates that those who fail to die can be sentenced to one year's imprisonment or fined. For example, in a traffic accident, passersby should protect the scene to prevent recurrence, call for ambulance services, and rescue the injured as much as possible.

The French Criminal Code stipulates that anyone who can take personal action against others in danger or can evoke rescue actions without danger to himself or a third person, and intentionally waives rescue, shall be sentenced to 5 years in prison and detained 500,000 francs fine.

Minnesota in the United States has included the crime of "seeing no end in danger" in the criminal code. If the party is on the scene without giving reasonable assistance, the crime is punished. There are also state regulations that failing to make a "911" call when a stranger is found injured may constitute a crime of negligence.

Serbian law provides for one year's imprisonment for those who fail to die (for example, in a traffic accident). If an injured person dies because a passerby is dead, he will be sentenced to 8 years in prison. "(Justice WeChat public account" [Understanding foreign laws] see how foreign laws treat "seeing to death"? "Https://m.sohu.com/a/151526240_649550)

Driving drunk in Japan, providing alcohol, providing a car, and traveling with a car will also be held criminally responsible. Even if you do not drink, you will also be sentenced as long as you get in the car. (Japan Pass "In Japan, drunk driving accidents, what are the serious consequences" https://www.517japan.com/viewnews-87772.html)

The Russian Constitution: "Remember (those) the passing of love and respect for the motherland, faith in kindness and justice to our predecessors" "Strong to guarantee Russia's prosperity and prosperity, based on the commitment to the present and future generations for our own country Responsibility "" guarantees the state's support for families, mothers, fathers, children, the disabled and elderly citizens, develops a social service system, and provides for state pensions, subsidies and other safeguards for social protection. "

German (Supreme) Basic Law: "I, the German people, recognize the responsibility to God and mankind, and are willing to contribute to world peace with the status of an equal member of Europe" "The German people recognize the inviolability and inalienable human rights, Is the foundation of all human society and world peace and justice. "" Everyone has the right to freely develop his personality, but only to those who do not infringe on the rights of others or violate constitutional order or morality. " Discrimination or privileges of origin, race, language, national origin, ancestry, belief, religion or political opinion. No one shall be discriminated against because of his disability. "" No one shall be forced to serve his war service against his conscience "

The preamble of the Japanese Constitution: "Japanese citizens expect permanent peace, have a lofty ideal that governs human relations, and trust the justice and integrity of peoples who love peace .... We hope to work for peace, and eradicate autocracy and affiliation, oppression and It has a glorious position in the narrow international community. "" Equally enjoy the right to live in peace and be free from terror and poverty. "" No country should look at its own country without regard to other countries. The laws of political morality are universal laws "" The Japanese nationals have vowed to do everything in their power to achieve this lofty ideal and purpose "

The Russian Constitution: "Remember (those) the passing of love and respect for the motherland, faith in kindness and justice to our predecessors" "Strong to guarantee Russia's prosperity and prosperity, based on the commitment to the present and future generations for our own country Responsibility "" guarantees the state's support for families, mothers, fathers, children, the disabled and elderly citizens, develops a social service system, and provides for state pensions, subsidies and other safeguards for social protection. "

German (Supreme) Basic Law: "I, the German people, recognize the responsibility to God and mankind, and are willing to contribute to world peace with the status of an equal member of Europe" "The German people recognize the inviolability and inalienable human rights, Is the foundation of all human society and world peace and justice. "" Everyone has the right to freely develop his personality, but only to those who do not infringe on the rights of others or violate constitutional order or morality. " Discrimination or privileges of origin, race, language, national origin, ancestry, belief, religion or political opinion. No one shall be discriminated against because of his disability. "" No one shall be forced to serve his war service against his conscience "

The preamble of the Japanese Constitution: "Japanese citizens expect permanent peace, have a lofty ideal that governs human relations, and trust the justice and integrity of peoples who love peace .... We hope to work for peace, and eradicate autocracy and affiliation, oppression and It has a glorious position in the narrow international community. "" Equally enjoy the right to live in peace and be free from terror and poverty. "" No country should look at its own country without regard to other countries. The laws of political morality are universal laws "" The Japanese nationals have vowed to do everything in their power to achieve this lofty ideal and purpose "

Citizens, free people, and slaves all have to assume obligations in political concepts. Actual laws also stipulate that citizens must assume obligations. Obligations are "the responsibilities that should be fulfilled politically, legally, and morally." .